Task 4 M2 LA 1

Task 4

Instructions

Deconstruct the texts by filling in the spaces in the table below.

No	Text	Structures	Contents
1	Text 1	Introduction	Where, who, when, and what The Eiffel Tower is a  wrought iron lattice tower on the  Champ de Mars in  Paris, France. It is named after the engineer  Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Constructed from 1887–89 as the entrance to the  1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticized by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world.  The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015.
		Description:
		Detailed information 1	The height The  tower  is  324  metres  (1,063 ft)  tall, about the same height as an  81-storey building, and the  tallest structure in Paris. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the  Washington Monument to become the  tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the  Chrysler Building in  New York City was finished in 1930. Due to the addition of a broadcasting  aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest structure in France after the Millau Viaduct.
		Detailed information 2	The parts The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels. The  top  level's  upper  platform  is  276 m  (906 ft)  above  the  ground  –  the  highest observation  deck  accessible  to  the  public  in  the   European  Union.  Tickets  can  be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift (elevator) to the first and second levels. The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the climb from the first level to the second. Although there is a staircase to the top level, it is usually accessible only by lift.
2	Text 2	Introduction	What, How, Who, Where and When Democracy,  in  modern  usage,  is  a  system  of  government  in  which  the  citizens exercise power directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a governing body, such as a  parliament. Democracy is sometimes referred to as "rule of the majority". Democracy is a system of processing conflicts in which outcomes depend on what participants do, but no single force controls what occurs and its outcomes. The  uncertainty  of  outcomes  is  inherent  in  democracy,  which  makes  all  forces struggle repeatedly for the realization of their interests, being the devolution of power from a group of people to a set of rules.  Western democracy, as distinct from that which existed in pre-modern societies, is generally considered to have originated in city states such as  Classical Athens and the  Roman Republic, where various schemes and degrees of enfranchisement of the free male population were observed before the form disappeared in the West at the beginning of  late antiquity. The English word dates to the 16th century, from the older Middle French and Middle Latin equivalents.
		Description:
		Detailed information 1	Four key Elements in democracy According  to  political  scientist   Larry Diamond,  democracy consists  of  four  key elements: a political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair  elections; the active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life; protection of the  human rights of all citizens; a  rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens.
		Detailed information 2	The History of democracy The  term  appeared  in  the  5th  century BC,  to  denote  the  political  systems  then existing in  Greek city-states, notably  Athens, to mean "rule of the people", in contrast to aristocracy (ἀριστοκρατία, aristokratía), meaning "rule of an elite". While theoretically these  definitions  are  in  opposition,  in  practice  the  distinction  has  been  blurred historically.  The political system of Classical Athens, for example, granted democratic citizenship to free men and excluded slaves and women from political participation. In virtually all democratic governments throughout ancient and modern history, democratic citizenship consisted of an elite class until full enfranchisement was won for all adult citizens in most modern democracies through the  suffrage movements of the 19th and 20th centuries
		Detailed information 3	The fact of democracy in government Democracy contrasts with forms of government where power is either held by an individual, as in an  absolute monarchy, or where power is held by a small number of individuals, as in an  oligarchy. Nevertheless, these oppositions, inherited from Greek philosophy,   are now ambiguous because contemporary governments have mixed democratic,  oligarchic,  and  monarchic  elements.   Karl  Popper  defined  democracy  in contrast  to   dictatorship  or  tyranny,  thus  focusing on  opportunities  for  the people to control their leaders and to oust them without the need for a revolution.