Task 2 (M5 LA2 )

Task 2: Get The General Pictures of Discussion Texts

In the previous activity you have learned about the characteristics of discussion texts. We can conclude that the text structure of discussions follows this model. In discussion texts, two or more different points of view  or position about an issue are discussed — i.e. they are compared and contrasted. Findings from this activity, or the summary of the discussion, is then used by the writer as the basis of his or her own position or point of view. In other words, the writer uses the others’ points of view as arguments for his or her own position or point of view. In this activity, you will read to identify the general picture of discussion texts to understand how arguments are built and used.

Study the Sample Annotated Text^[1] below and check on the notes that follows.

Notes:

Title	A question summarizing the issue being discussed. Keywords: mobile phones, banned, schools.
Introduction	First paragraph Presents the facts that have given rise to the question in the title.
Argument Against	Paragraph 2Against a ban. 1st sentence presents an argument based on children’s needs. 2nd sentence adds a new argument (safety). 3rd sentence elaborates on this with evidence.
Argument For	Paragraph 3 For a ban. 1st sentence contests the safety argument in Paragraph 2. 2nd sentence adds confirming evidence. 3rd and 4th sentences introduce two new reasons for a ban.
Conclusion	Final paragraph 1st sentence offers compelling reason for a ban, based on the issue of safety. 2nd sentence adds to this clinching argument a summary of Paragraph 3.

Learn more:

[2]

Now, let’s have some practice. Do the same analysis with the following discussion text samples.

Sample 1

Do we still need zoos?

Zoos were originally set up so that people could see and learn about wild animals from distant lands. As more and more people became city-dwellers, never seeing animals in the wild, zoos began to house local creatures too. However, in today’s world, are zoos really necessary?

Since people can now see any sort of wild animal in its natural habitat, simply by tuning into a TV programme or buying a video, some animal rights activists claim that zoos are out of date. They argue that it is cruel to capture animals, transport them long distances, and then keep them caged up simply for the entertainment of human beings. Captive animals often develop ‘zoochosis’ – abnormal behaviour like rocking or swaying – which indicates they are bored and unhappy in their prison-like conditions.

On the other hand, there is a huge difference between watching an animal on screen and seeing it in real life. It could be argued that visiting a zoo is educational, often increasing people’s concern for wildlife and conservation, which is of great importance in today's developing – and often overdeveloped – world. Indeed, sometimes the only way to save an endangered species may be to arrange for it to be breed in captivity. Behind the scenes, zoos also provide scientists with opportunities to research into animal behaviour: modern zoos can therefore be much better planned than old-fashioned ones, providing animals with carefully designed enclosures appropriate to their needs.

It seems then, that there are still arguments for retaining zoos. These should, however, be carefully planned with the animals’ welfare in mind: in the modern world, there is no excuse for keeping animals in cramped or cruel conditions.

Title/Issue	:	Do we still need zoos?
Introduction	:	Zoos were originally set up so that people could see and learn about wild animals from distant lands. As more and more people became city-dwellers, never seeing animals in the wild, zoos began to house local creatures too. However, in today’s world, are zoos really necessary?
Argument Against	:	Since people can now see any sort of wild animal in its natural habitat, simply by tuning into a TV programme or buying a video, some animal rights activists claim that zoos are out of date. They argue that it is cruel to capture animals, transport them long distances, and then keep them caged up simply for the entertainment of human beings. Captive animals often develop ‘zoochosis’ – abnormal behaviour like rocking or swaying – which indicates they are bored and unhappy in their prison-like conditions.
Argument For	:	On the other hand, there is a huge difference between watching an animal on screen and seeing it in real life. It could be argued that visiting a zoo is educational, often increasing people’s concern for wildlife and conservation, which is of great importance in today's developing – and often overdeveloped – world. Indeed, sometimes the only way to save an endangered species may be to arrange for it to be breed in captivity. Behind the scenes, zoos also provide scientists with opportunities to research into animal behaviour: modern zoos can therefore be much better planned than old-fashioned ones, providing animals with carefully designed enclosures appropriate to their needs.
Conclusion	:	It seems then, that there are still arguments for retaining zoos. These should, however, be carefully planned with the animals’ welfare in mind: in the modern world, there is no excuse for keeping animals in cramped or cruel conditions.

Sample 2

Should children always follow their parents’ advice?

Some people say that children should always follow their parents’ advice; others claim that this is not always right. I believe that children should follow their parents’ advice when they are young, but they should become more independent when they are older.

Young children do not know the difference between right and wrong, and a parent is the best person to teach them this. For example, a young child does not know that it is wrong to take things that do not belong to them. Parents can also teach children about dangers, both in the home and outside.

However, when children grow older they should pay less attention to their parents. This is because parents might tell a child which career to choose, and this should be the child’s decision. Parents sometimes want to tell their children how to live, but when they are grown up, they can decide for themselves. If a child doesn’t make their own decisions, he or she might grow up to be less independent and strong.

In conclusion, parents need to give young children advice on morals and safety, but not on how to live when they are older

Title/Issue	:	Should children always follow their parents’ advice?
Introduction	:	Some people say that children should always follow their parents’ advice; others claim that this is not always right. I believe that children should follow their parents’ advice when they are young, but they should become more independent when they are older.
Argument Against	:	Young children do not know the difference between right and wrong, and a parent is the best person to teach them this. For example, a young child does not know that it is wrong to take things that do not belong to them. Parents can also teach children about dangers, both in the home and outside.
Argument For	:	However, when children grow older they should pay less attention to their parents. This is because parents might tell a child which career to choose, and this should be the child’s decision. Parents sometimes want to tell their children how to live, but when they are grown up, they can decide for themselves. If a child doesn’t make their own decisions, he or she might grow up to be less independent and strong.
Conclusion	:	In conclusion, parents need to give young children advice on morals and safety, but not on how to live when they are older

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[1]https://unjac-my.sharepoint.com/:i:/g/personal/srisulastini_unj_ac_id/EWsq3P428QFPtPYjA4S-I5ABoEbwpigyIdcwDCdZvjbEwQ?e=eKusaR

[2]How to Write an Argumentative Essay - Introduction and Conclusion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WknKWFdUs0